R Language Basics

Getting Help with R

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Getting help with R is important to learning the language and getting expertise in R.

Question: How one can get help with different commands in the R Language?
Answer: There are many ways to get help with the different commands (functions). There is a built-in help facility which is similar to the man facility in Unix. For beginners to get help, the help() function or the symbol ‘?‘ (question mark only) can be used to get help with different commands.

Help Function in R

Questions: Provide some examples of getting help with different functions used in R.
Answer: To get more information on any specific command (function), for example for getting help with solve( ), lm( ), plot( ), etc., write the following commands at the prompt:

help(solve)
help(lm)
help(plot)

Question: Can one get help for special symbols, and characters in R Language?
Answer: Yes one can get help for special characters. For example;

help("[[")
help("[")
help("^")
help("$")
help("%%")

Question: What help.start() does?
Answer: The help.start( ) will launch a web browser that allows the help pages to be browsed with hyperlinks. It can be a better way to get help with different functions.

help.search Function

Question: There is help.search( ) command. For what purpose it is?
Answer: The help.search() command allows searching for help in various ways. To get what help.search( ) functions do, write this command at the prompt;

help(help.search)

Question: Provide some details about help.search( ) function and also illustrate it by providing some examples.
Answer: The help.search( ) allows for searching the help system for documentation matching a given character string in the (file) name, alias, title, concept, or keyword entries (or any combination thereof), using either fuzzy matching or regular expression matching. Names and titles of the matched help entries are displayed nicely formatted. The examples are:

help.search("linear")
help.search("linear models")
help.search("print")
help.search("cat")
Getting Help with R Language help.search("linear")

? Operator

Question: How ‘?‘ can be used to get help with different functions and objects in R language?
Answer: The ‘?‘ mark can be used to get help with the Windows version of the R Language. For example;

?print
?help
?"[["
?methods
?lm
Getting Help in R: Frequently Asked Questions About R

MCQs in Statistics

MCQs General Knowledge

Save and Load RData Workspace

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In this post, we will learn about Save and Load RData Workspace

How to Save Work in R Language

Question: Can I save my work in R Language?
Answer: R language facilitates saving one’s R work.

Question: How do you save work done in R?
Answer: All of the objects and functions that are created (your R workspace) can be saved in a file “.RData” by using the “save()” function or the “save.image()” function. It is important that when saving R work in a file, remember to include the “.RData” extension.

save(file = "d:/filename.RData")
save.image("d:/filename.RData")

Workspace in R Language

Question: Is there an alternative to save workspace in R?
Answer: Yes! You can also save the workspace using the file menu. For this, click the File menu and then click Save Workspace. You will see the dialog box, browse to the folder where you want to save the file and provide the file name of your own choice.

Save and Load .RData

Question: How one can access the saved work, while work is saved using “save.image()” function?
Answer: The “load()” function can be used to load a .RData file.

load ("d:/filename.RData")

Question: Is there any other alternative to load the workspace in R?
Answer: The .RData file can be accessed through the file menu. To access the file click File and then load workspace. A dialog box will appear, browse to the folder where you saved the .RData file and click open.

Save and Load RData Workspace

Saving Rhistory

Question: How do one can save all the commands that are used in an R session?
Answer: Saving R commands used in an R session means you want to save the history of your R session in an “.Rhistory” file by using the “history()” function. It is important to include the “.Rhistory” extension when saving the file at a different path.

history("d:/filename.Rhistory")

Question: Can commands in the R session be saved through the File menu?
Answer: Yes, the command in the R session be saved through the file menu. For this click File and then save history. A dialog box will appear, browse to the folder where you want to save the file (that will contain R commands in a session) and provide the file name of your own choice.

Online MCQs Test preparation website with Answers

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FAQs about R Language

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The article is FAQs about R Language, that is R Frequently Asked Questions (R FAQs).

FAQS about R Language

Question: Why R language is named R?
Answer: The name of the R language is based on the first letters of its authors (Robert Gentleman and Ross Ihaka).

R Foundation

Question: What is the R Foundation?
Answer: The R Foundation is a non-profit organization working in the public interest, founded by the members of the R Core Team. This foundation provides support for the R project and other innovations in statistical computing and provides a reference point for individuals, institutions, or commercial enterprises who want to support or interact with the R development community. R foundation also holds and administers the copyright of R language software and its documentation. For more information about R Foundation follow the link https://www.R-project.org/foundation

Question: What is R-Forge?
Answer: R-Forge provides a central platform for the development of R packages, R-related software, etc. It is based on GForge and offers easy access to the best in SVN, daily built and checked R packages, mailing lists, bug tracking, message board or forum, website hosting, permanent file archival, full backups, and total web-based administration. For more information see

  • The R-Forge web page
  • Stefan Theußl and Achim Zeileis (2009), “Collaborative software development using R-Forge”, The R Journal, 1(1), 9-14.

Mailing Lists of R

Question: What mailing lists exist for R language?
Answer: There are four mailing lists devoted to R language

  • R-announce: A moderated mailing list for major announcements about the R development and the availability of new R code.
  • R-packages: A moderated mailing list for an announcement on the availability of new or further enhanced contributed packages.
  • R-help: The main R mailing list for discussion and problems and solutions using R, announcements about the development of R, and the availability of new R code. R-help is intended for people who want to use R to solve problems.
  • R-devel: A mailing list for questions and discussions about code development in R language.

R Language Documentation

Question: What documentation exists for R language?
Answer: For most of the R functions and variables in R online documentation exists and this documentation can be printed on screen by typing help(name) or “?name” at the R prompt, where the name is the name of the topic for which help is required. The R documentation can also be made available in PDF and HTML formats and as a hard copy via LaTeX. The up-to-date HTML version of R documentation is always available for web browsers at http://stat.ethz.ch/R-manual. A lot of R books and manuals are also available as R documentation.

R documentation refers to the various resources available to help you learn and use the R programming language.

  • Official R Language Documentation: The R Project itself maintains a collection of manuals and guides covering different aspects of the R language. This includes (i) an introduction to R, (ii) Reference manuals for specific functions and packages, and (iii) information on using the R interface.
  • Package Documentation: Many R packages also have their documentation, which one can access within the R environment using the help function. These help files (package documentation) explain how to use the specific functions and features provided by the package.
  • Online Resources: Many online resources provide tutorials, explanations, and examples for working with R Language. These can be a great way to learn the language and find solutions to specific problems https://rdocumentation.org/.
  • Books and Other Publications: There are also several books and other publications available that cover R in more depth. These books and publications can help get a more comprehensive understanding of the language and its capabilities.
RFAQs: Frequently Asked Questions About R

How to get help in R follow the link Getting Help in R Language.

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